A Christmas Carol free essay sample

A Christmas Carol is a worn out good tale with no conceivable significance to the 21st century. † A Christmas Carol was set in the 1800’s where destitution was normal and passing, a regular event. Charles Dickens, the creator, had a genuine feeling of enthusiasm towards the poor as he originated from humble beginnings. The epic shows a reasonable difference between both the rich and poor people, the poor were depicted as confused and uncouth while the rich were painted as being requested, charming and luxurious. An association can be built up with the 21st century in light of these correlations. It has pertinence because of the manner in which society is molded today, numerous classes today exist. Dickens didn't compose an old hat moral tale without pertinence to the 21st century obviously he needed the subjects and messages to have the option to be gone through the ages and afterward shape the manner in which individuals act in the public eye today. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Christmas Carol or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Charles Dickens presentations to the crowd that genuine satisfaction comes through participate with mankind and network. Organizing cash will just prompt a desolate passing, as is spoken to by Scrooge’s accomplice, Jacob Marley â€Å"I wear the chain I fashioned in life†¦I made it connect by link† (Marley Page 47-48). Marley appears to Scrooge as troubled and wearing an overwhelming weight, which is spoken to by the chains. The chains show the existence Jacob Marley had lived, being, a cold and cutthroat, he didn't partake in whatever would not profit him exclusively, great deeds were rarely done. Numerous characters like Jacob Marley exist in the 21st Century, they are commonly miserable and don't live long, beneficial lives. Great deeds must be done to be allowed genuine satisfaction and this is likewise an unmistakable message that is reliable all through the content. The 21st century is turning into a reflection of the nineteenth. The nineteenth century, because of quickly extending industrialization, saw a shocking ascent in destitution, and the abuse of poor kids, who were frequently compelled to work in the quickly growing production lines. Today this is going on everywhere throughout the world and particularly in creating nations. Charles Dickens composed this novel toward the start of the Hungry Forties, this being a time of exceptional languishing over the common laborers. Dickens looked to make his agreeable white collar class perusers mindful of the shocking neediness around them. This can difference to what exactly is going on today in our general public, destitution exists all over the place and it is likewise imperative to know and afterward aid any path conceivable to then assistance the individuals who need it. Dickens returns to his anger at this corrupting treatment of some of society’s most defenseless individuals in A Christmas Carol when Scrooge requests of the two refined men gathering memberships for poor people, ‘The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full life, at that point? (p. 38). These words cause issues down the road for Scrooge a few times throughout the content and the savagery of his inquiry is accentuated by his expanded uneasiness when gone up against with his words. It is no occurrence that Dickens’s story happens at Christmas, this regarding the introduction of Jesus. He was responding to the way that eve n in 1843 Christmas was starting to lose its actual importance with the presentation of Christmas trees, welcoming cards and presents. It is generally a Christian tale with the message that the submissive, for example, Bob Cratchit, are really commendable and that foundation is an honorable aim. In the 21st century we might be less strict than the Victorians of nineteenth century England, however we despite everything perceive the message and may also respond to the commercialisation of Christmas. The crowd from the 21st century may make light of the strict components of the story and feature the philanthropic angle, yet the substance is as yet the equivalent. A Christmas Carol permits 21st hundreds of years perusers to have the option to set up an unmistakable association with the occasions that they are living in to the occasions that Dickens was writing in. It is clear the genuine bliss originates from great deeds and cash doesn't bring an abundance of satisfaction. The genuine significance of Christmas is additionally appeared, however it is likewise evident that it was emerged, similarly as it is today. A Christmas Carol has importance to the conditions of the general public today and isn't just barely an old hat moral tale.

Minix 2 operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minix 2 working framework - Essay Example so after line no. 21021, proclaim these counters. Presently include hit_counter as I have said in the past doc. Furthermore, the time ought to be increased each time any capacity in cache.c is called. So you should include variable time at 21070 and 21035 in the wake of having composed the code ++hit_counter and Time_requiredtofree_block++. Keep in mind, you need to include printf proclamations any place you make an addition to these counters. Instate hit_counter and time to zero (this is significant). Indeed, I had composed two 'C' records named fil1.c and fil2.c, which included and deducted two numbers. At the point when I ran this announcement on bochs, I got the yield of the printf explanations. The trial of execution was a two stage process. In the initial segment, don't roll out any improvements to the Block_size and the Hash table, yet incorporate the factors hit_counter and time. Run the order and see the outcomes. At that point increment the BLOCK_SIZE and the Hash table size and afterward run a similar order once more. You will discover an adjustment in the outcomes. The response to this lies being referred to 3. The primary arrangement of qualities was acquired for the factors hit_counter and Time_requiredtofree_block, when the estimation of BLOCK_SIZE and size of the hash table was 1024. The subsequent qualities were acquired when the size of BLOCK_SIZE and hashTable was expanded. I have discovered a couple of more focuses which you can utilize... The subsequent qualities were acquired when the size of BLOCK_SIZE and hashTable was expanded. 5) fifth it says introduce the factors how and where Introduce hit_counter and time to zero at line no. 21021, where you pronounce them. Not many MORE FINDINGS I have discovered a couple of more focuses which you can use for your introduction. This is in regards to the Lru chain, which can be totally disposed of. Rather we can utilize a circularly connected twofold connected rundown. FRONT Turn Back The figure is somewhat unrefined, however I figure it can convey the thought. Frst, the turn is associated with the hash table section. The FRONT is the end which contains those hinders that are least required and the REAR contains those obstructs that are normal sooner rather than later (same as LRU). Presently, this connected rundown has the additional bit of leeway at the hour of perusing the following square from this chain dissimilar to perusing from the plate through I/o. in this, the code can be composed with the end goal that the REAR is utilized as quick as the FRONT will be gotten to. This will guarantee that the presentation of the reserve is upgraded further over the LRU conspire. The explanation being that under LRU, for getting to a REAR, it needs to navigate as far as possible, while here, we could utilize sioimple rationale (like a banner where if flag=1 come front for example clockwise from turn or if flag=0, come back from rotate for example against clockwise). Trus t me, this will accelerate the reserve. It is very valuable, when under our adjusted code, touching squares will be gotten to from the circle. So the OS will see that the following essential square will be the touching one and it will put it at the REAR. At that point getting to under theis plan will be a lot quicker than the one under the LRU.Pls feel

Free Essays on The Scandalous Messages of James

â€Å"If the letter of James were sent to the Christian people group of specific nations that experience the ill effects of brutality and abuse, it would conceivably be caught by government security agencies† - Elsa Tamez James’ letter made numerous individuals dubious. Despite the fact that it was presumably composed toward the finish of the principal century, it didn't make it into the group until the finish of the forward century. That being said it despite everything confronted difficulties and analysis until after the arrangement of the ordinance. Indeed, even Martin Luther assaulted the book of James, saying it was not dedicated to the good news of Christ, that it had nothing of the idea of the gospel about it. Martin Luther really set the book of James toward the finish of his German Translation of the New Testament. The books of Hebrews, Jude, and Revelation before long joined the book of James. Martin Luther loathed these books so much that he didn't show them in the chapter by chapter list. Indeed, even the cutting edge versions of the German interpretation despite everything has these books toward the end, just now they are remembered for the chapter by chapter list. Indeed, even tod ay, the book of James is still not as mainstream as different books. At certain holy places the letter is skipped in light of the fact that it makes the rich individuals awkward. The letter of James will most likely consistently be reprimanded and disagreeable therefore. There is no understanding of date, creation, or land source of the letter between researchers. Sophie Laws, an educator of the University of London, says that the creator is somebody who took the name of James, a nom de plume, which was a typical practice in Jewish and Greco-Roman writing. Laws likewise expresses that the letter is from Rome, due to its similitude to other writing like 1 Peter and Clement of Rome. She dates the letter somewhere in the range of 70 and 130 C.E. Subside Davids, an educator at Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry accepts the creator is James, the sibling of Jesus, and another person altered it for him. Davids accepts that the ... Free Essays on The Scandalous Messages of James Free Essays on The Scandalous Messages of James â€Å"If the letter of James were sent to the Christian people group of specific nations that experience the ill effects of viciousness and abuse, it would perhaps be captured by government security agencies† - Elsa Tamez James’ letter made numerous individuals dubious. Despite the fact that it was most likely composed toward the finish of the principal century, it didn't make it into the ordinance until the finish of the forward century. That being said it despite everything confronted difficulties and analysis until after the development of the group. Indeed, even Martin Luther assaulted the book of James, saying it was not devoted to the good news of Christ, that it had nothing of the idea of the gospel about it. Martin Luther really set the book of James toward the finish of his German Translation of the New Testament. The books of Hebrews, Jude, and Revelation before long joined the book of James. Martin Luther loathed these books so much that he didn't show them in the chapter by chapter list. Indeed, even the cutting edge versions of the German interpretation despite everything has these books toward the end, just now they are remembered for the chapter by chapter guide. Indeed, even tod ay, the book of James is still not as well known as different books. At certain houses of worship the letter is skipped in light of the fact that it makes the rich individuals awkward. The letter of James will likely consistently be scrutinized and disagreeable thus. There is no understanding of date, initiation, or land cause of the letter between researchers. Sophie Laws, an educator of the University of London, says that the creator is somebody who took the name of James, a nom de plume, which was a typical practice in Jewish and Greco-Roman writing. Laws likewise expresses that the letter is from Rome, due to its comparability to other writing like 1 Peter and Clement of Rome. She dates the letter somewhere in the range of 70 and 130 C.E. Dwindle Davids, a teacher at Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry accepts the creator is James, the sibling of Jesus, and another person altered it for him. Davids accepts that the ...

College Essay Topics: How to Write an Interesting College Essay Topic

<h1>College Essay Topics: How to Write an Interesting College Essay Topic</h1><p>If you are a first-year understudy at a college, you may have an issue composing a school exposition. You are likely not getting the best possible direction or help with the composition of a school article. This is a decent issue to have and a difficult that can be explained effectively with an article.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous articles out there that can give you extraordinary thoughts for composing school exposition points. The ones that give you these thoughts will be the ones that you have to focus on. On the off chance that you make the most of this chance to accomplish something with your opportunity to improve your paper composing abilities, you will be substantially more liable to be effective recorded as a hard copy a fruitful school essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant thing that you ought to do is to consider t he article composing guide that you will get with your prospectus. The aides normally incorporate various example school articles and the inquiries you ought to be posed in the exposition. Utilizing these rules will guarantee that you have some guide and that you will compose an intensive point that will show how well you know the topic of the subject. You may likewise need to peruse articles about a similar subject that others have composed with the goal that you will have a thought of what the general style is.</p><p></p><p>The second most significant thing that you ought to do when composing a school exposition is to rehearse on your paper before you really submit it. It is a lot simpler to do this on the off chance that you can peruse or observe a portion of the models that are found in the example themes. A decent exercise to attempt is to peruse a portion of the example articles and afterward modify them. Thusly, you will have the option to perceive how you would address similar inquiries in your own paper. This will assist you with learning the means and cause you to compose your own article without stressing over the style of the question.</p><p></p><p>The third most significant piece of composing a school paper topicsis to ensure that you get the material from the topic that you have concentrated as yet. On the off chance that you overlook this detail, it is anything but difficult to think of a subject that is totally not the same as the one that you began with. You should choose if you need to line the subject that you thought of from the exercise or in the event that you need to do some research.</p><p></p><p>The last piece of composing an intriguing school paper themes is to work out your exposition while sitting on the latrine. At the point when you return home subsequent to doing this, ensure you get an opportunity to go over it with a fine tooth comb.</p><p></ p><p>While composing school article subjects is a test, the primary concern that you need to recall is that you need to concentrate on the theme and keep to it until it is finished. The rest will come in a matter of seconds at all.</p>

College Essay Writers: Is Grammar and Spell Check Really Necessary?

<h1>College Essay Writers: Is Grammar and Spell Check Really Necessary?</h1><p>Have you at any point asked why school paper authors don't utilize school article sentence structure and spell check? A great deal of understudies comprehend that their expositions are an impression of their scholarly ability. So for what reason don't they put resources into an exposition supervisor like all of us and get those words right?</p><p></p><p>They are under the feeling that secondary schools are educated to compose syntactically right paper, so composing aptitudes won't be tried. What's more, that is just false. High schoolers likewise figure out how to spell effectively and on the off chance that they neglect to check for spelling mistakes, it turns into a marvel how frequently they can endure the paper before they totally lose it.</p><p></p><p>The truth is that understudies ought to have an approach to check for spelling and sen tence structure blunders with spell check. A ton of understudies discover this element accommodating, yet relatively few ability to utilize it. They proceed to commit spelling errors and language blunders that will completely crash their grade.</p><p></p><p>What they have to do is survey and practice the punctuation they have to utilize. I have a tip for understudies that need to figure out how to utilize the spell check highlight in their own article. Rather than gaining from books and destinations that state they should utilize the spell check include, they should concentrate how to utilize it. This will spare them a great deal of time and dissatisfaction down the road.</p><p></p><p>Grammar and spelling are the foundation of any scholastic exposition. At the point when you skirt this, your peruser will consistently be thinking about what you neglected to check for. You can look at an online website that has various tips to assist und erstudies with making their scholarly composing check, compose, spell, and linguistically right. It's very helpful.</p><p></p><p>They additionally suggest you show syntax and spelling at home to support your evaluations. I concur this is a smart thought and numerous guardians of understudies will energize this. The more you work at it the better your evaluations will be.</p><p></p><p>The best thing you can do to help yourself is to audit, practice, and figure out how to utilize spell check. You can utilize only it and out of the course or work with an understudy to coach them on the best way to utilize it. One little tip, ensure you incorporate spell check as an alternative in your school exposition altering software.</p><p></p><p>If you need to support yourself, you have to find out about the subject and get ready to audit and alter your papers on the web. You can likewise utilize your own evaluation book to di scover what grade you have to get for each article. That way, you don't have to stress over whether your evaluation is a reasonable impression of your scholastic performance.</p>

Importance of Moral Value Essay Topics

<h1>Importance of Moral Value Essay Topics</h1><p>Today, the distinctive kind of articles you can do are fundamentally founded on what virtue these points have. This greatly affects what themes you need to write in an article and how much data you can accumulate about the subject. In this manner, you need to give thought before assembling a paper subject as it includes a few factors that will affect the general substance of the article. On the off chance that you need to become familiar with virtue paper themes, here are a few things you ought to consider.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you have to know is the sort of article you will compose. On the off chance that it is a private exposition, at that point it won't require any virtue paper subjects. Yet, on the off chance that you're going to instruct this to understudies, at that point you should invest more energy into composing this exposition. Since you will be offering the data to your un derstudies, you need to ensure you hold it to as well as can be expected perhaps do.</p><p></p><p>The second thing you need to do is consider the sort of point you will compose. On the off chance that it is a subject that is primarily centered around ethics and morals, at that point you need to remember this theme for your paper. This will assist you with understanding the general subject and furthermore help your perusers get it. This will likewise assist you with bettering spur them since they will know precisely what you are attempting to get over. It will likewise be simple for you to disclose the point to your understudies since you can incorporate the same number of individual encounters that can manage them to follow a similar way you do.</p><p></p><p>You additionally need to consider the subject that you are expounding on since it will decide the sort of virtue the article has. On the off chance that it will be about a subject like love, at that point you don't need to expound on ethical quality. Be that as it may, in the event that you will expound on morals, at that point you can do as such. A great many people are likewise not exceptionally mindful of morals so you ought to remember this point for your paper as it has more profundity. Thus, you need to consider what your exposition theme will be before you begin composing it. The remainder of the things that you need to consider incorporate the substance of the exposition. Remember that you should just incorporate the data that can be effectively comprehended by the perusers. This incorporates the language structure and accentuation mistakes, spelling blunders, and even inquiries and answers to ensure that the entire paper is well written.</p><p></p><p>While it's in every case great to incorporate realities that you are educated on, this doesn't imply that you can't utilize virtue exposition themes. You need to invest enough ene rgy to guarantee that all that you wrote in the paper can be appropriately utilized in educating. This will likewise help you in persuading your understudies to adhere to your standards since it can assist them with understanding them better.</p><p></p><p>In end, you can see that virtue paper points are fundamental for each individual who is considering and instructing. By doing this, you can improve your evaluations. Hence, you need to give a ton of future time up with incredible subjects that you can write in articles that will assist you with upgrading your skills.</p>

5 Tips to Avoid Possible Mistakes When Writing an Essay

<h1>5 Tips to Avoid Possible Mistakes When Writing an Essay</h1><p>When you're composing an exposition for your secondary school, school or college, odds are that there are a few potential missteps you can make. You should simply to figure out how to dodge these blunders and afterward you'll be en route to improving your composition. You can likewise utilize this article as a guide in ensuring that your exposition streams effectively and accomplishes the proposed purpose.</p><p></p><p>The first and most significant hint to recollect is that spelling isn't as significant as accentuation. On the off chance that you need to have an elegantly composed article, it's best that you spell your words effectively and abstain from spelling botches. On the off chance that you've at any point composed a report, for instance, you've experienced two or three these. Utilize the right spellings when composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>A s econd significant hint is accentuation. Ensure that you accentuate your sentences and passages in a legitimate way. This will assist with ensuring that the paper streams easily and you don't seem to be putting on a show of being complicated. Attempt to abstain from utilizing additional areas between passages. Never use space after commas, periods or braces.</p><p></p><p>You may likewise need to abstain from utilizing commas. There are times when this may assist with isolating or to be increasingly exact, help to explain certain focuses, however it can likewise work to separate long sentences. Abstain from utilizing them in the event that you can, and keep the general word check down to a sensible level.</p><p></p><p>The next tip to recall is that you ought not generally utilize large words. On the off chance that you are going to utilize a great deal of these in your exposition, don't. Abstain from utilizing these and on the off chance that you should utilize them, ensure that they are utilized properly. Additionally, attempt to keep your sentences short and to the point, with the goal that you don't appear to be putting on a show of being self important or grand. The third tip to recall is that you shouldn't burn through your time on composing an article that is excessively specialized. This will in general be people specialty when they stall out and they simply search for easy routes to get to the primary concerns of their paper. All in all, when you compose an article you have to ensure that you are concentrating on the central matters and that the paper isn't confounding or wordy.</p><p></p><p>The last tip is that you should ensure that you are not committing any of these errors when you're composing your exposition. Composing a quality exposition is feasible for anybody, yet it will take some time and exertion on your part.</p>

Three Types of Essay Samples

<h1>Three Types of Essay Samples</h1><p>If you are considering composing an article regarding a matter that intrigues you, at that point you should consider a portion of the various sorts of papers which are accessible. Most understudies head off to college to procure their degrees in the branch of knowledge that intrigues them. The focal point of the subject may shift contingent upon the school, yet every one of them have a shared objective, which is to get you to procure your degree. So in the event that you need to get into a licensed school in the territory of Florida, you should have a solid enthusiasm for governmental issues, and furthermore you should have an adoration for history, workmanship, writing, or sports.</p><p></p><p>But before you go out and make your educational program, it would be useful in the event that you first investigate a portion of the history and craftsmanship related subjects. History, and numerous different the mes can be shrouded in one huge article. You should simply separate it into little parts and afterward re-bundle them into an account. A genuine history exposition can be substantially more convincing than an artistic fiction article, and can be a superb opportunity to sharpen your composing skills.</p><p></p><p>Fiction composing can likewise be fascinating, however the incredible thing about fiction is that you can develop your subject and compose a tale about an anecdotal character, in the event that you want. In any case, on the off chance that you genuinely wish to cover the subject that you truly care about, there are a few distinct sorts of paper tests accessible to assist you with the procedure. In this article, we will examine a couple of these example expositions and their purpose.</p><p></p><p>One of the most well known kinds of paper tests is a sci-fi novel, which may sound bizarre, and really you may discover this sort of p aper somewhat testing to compose. Since sci-fi stories are so not the same as the world we live in today, it is essential to concentrate on what's happening about our way of life. Likewise, when composing a sci-fi novel, it is essential to have a solid spotlight on the past, which can be troublesome when you attempt to envision the future.</p><p></p><p>But recall, you don't need to compose an intriguing subject, in the event that you don't have the foggiest idea how to compose an incredible, convincing, and reasonable story. A significant number of the best books of the past were loaded with rich and drawing in characters, and it can unquestionably assist with keeping in touch with one yourself. Furthermore, when you do, you will see exactly that it is so natural to compose and create an incredible story.</p><p></p><p>Another kind of article that is like the sci-fi test is the exposition that can be alluded to as a 'delicate' one. Sinc e the theme can be to some degree darken, the sort of paper that is composed by composing a story utilizing genuine occasions, will assist you with showing signs of improvement handle on what you ought to incorporate. When you have increased a decent handle of the realities, you would then be able to grow your thoughts and start to expound on things that are intriguing to you.</p><p></p><p>One thing that can assist you with figuring out which sort of fiction article tests to compose, is to compose as though you were showing a class, and simply attempting to give a decent impression. In the event that you truly need to make your composing look progressively proficient, you might need to inquire about how individuals feel about specific points and attempt to join their conclusions into your own writing.</p>

Research Paper Writing Online - The Pros and Cons

Research Paper Writing Online - The Pros and ConsThere are a lot of pros and cons when it comes to writing a research paper online. In fact, just like with any other paper, there are certain areas where writing online is a definite advantage. While other paper writing tasks like developing the outline can be done offline, research paper writing online is one of the easiest tasks you can get involved in. The great thing about doing research online is that you have an easy to access computer and at least an internet connection which allow you to easily find the information you need.Aside from that, online learning and research have made a big change in the field of education. It has enabled students to save time and money on travelling to a school or library and can also enable them to study at their own pace. The ability to do research online is definitely very advantageous and if you would like to start writing research papers online then follow the guidelines below.It's always good to begin your research paper by doing thorough research. This would help you get the information you need in the least amount of time. Find information from websites, ask questions from friends and relatives, and do as much research as you can afford.It would be a lot easier to find the topics for your research paper when you have the right research tools. You may want to use the internet to ask for help and for additional information.When writing a research paper online, make sure you write it well. To do this, you have to come up with a plan and organize your thoughts so that they can be easily managed.When looking for the proper keywords for your research paper, make sure that they are focused to the topic of your paper. And when thinking of questions that you would want to ask, be prepared for research paper writing online by first researching the answers.Always remember that the purpose of writing a research paper online is to give your readers what they want. So if your work i s not of high quality, chances are they will not even bother reading it.There are lots of benefits of writing a research paper online and finding a method for writing your paper online can be one of them. While this may be daunting at first, the end result will be worth it and you will be glad you did.

One of the Most Disregarded Systems for Samples of an Essay about Yourself

<h1> One of the Most Disregarded Systems for Samples of an Essay about Yourself</h1> <p>Thus, expositions have come to be an indivisible bit of scholastics. To find out about papers, it's critical to acknowledge why articles are such a significant part of scholastics. Short articles are still spend the kind of formal paper on the grounds that the parts should get remembered for it. In the event that you haven't been stretched out a brief to expound on, you should deliver your own intriguing imaginative expositions. </p> <p>Bear as a primary concern, an affirmation exposition test might be a decent method to discover increasingly about the composing methodology and comprehend the assignment better. To achieve this, the Sample Essays can give the truly necessary rules. The superb contentious Scholarship Essay Samples configurations and tests are simply world-class, and they'll rouse people to compose pugnacious expositions in different rivalries. Pick the subject of your paper. </p> <p>A explore author must have the option to consider intelligently and sensibly. Significantly subsequent to perusing the short article, exposition composing despite everything resembles a scary assignment for you. In the event that you own a blog, don't spare a moment to present your absolute best blog entry. Let it feel as though you are extremely enthusiastic about what you're expounding on. </p> <p>Now, using an example school paper isn't precisely the same as counterfeiting. In certain examples, the school will offer an article theme for you. By doing that the understudy remains consistent with the absolute first section in provide a perfectly clear guidance all through the full exposition. On the off chance that your instructor guides you to form a five-section paper, at that point make a five-passage article! </p> <p>Compliance is the underlying thing we accentuation on our authors to keep on keeping our client's content with the results of our work. Use sections to arrange and talk about your contemplations one at once. Hence, on the off chance that you start with a horrible point, not exclusively will you end up with a poor article, however you hazard demolishing the generally excellent impression that the rest of your application makes.</p> <p>Yes there's a distinction in the possibility of development and improvement yet one needs to take a gander at the meaning of each. A basic quality for essentially any architect is the ability to speak with individual specialists. An extraordinary organization ought to give a discount approach that assurances to give the cash back to the customer when they're disappointed with the outcomes. There are four essential districts of improvement that happen all at exactly the same time. </p> <h2>The Key to Successful Samples of an Essay about Yourself </h2> <p>The outright most significant thought while choosing a composing test should be quality. There are a ton of famous sorts. It can in like manner be valuable to gracefully an example with content a lot of like the subjects you might be expounding on. You generally should coordinate the kind of writing in your example to the sort of composing required in your proposed activity. </p> <p>Essays have consistently been viewed as among the trickiest assignments, however in any case, it despite everything is the most regularly utilized errands in schools and colleges. The exposition is the sole open door at which you can grandstand your interests and particular voice that set you apart from the rest of the piece of the candidate pool. Application expositions about difficulties uncover how you react to trouble to people who are truly inspired by how you'll deal with the ensuing four years completely all alone. Composing the school application paper can be among the most overwhelming components of applying to school. </p> <p>Wikipedia isn't just one of the main five sites in the Earth, it is at times an incredible apparatus for inquire about. In case you're as of now scanning for enticing paper models on the web, you undoubtedly have a to some degree obscure thought on how best to start composing. Simply proceed with your presentation short and simple. So you don't really wish to find a point! </p>

AMPHICAR - Free Essay Example

AMPHICAR II System Specifications 1 Statement of work Our team has aimed to produce an energy efficient, environmental friendly personal consumer vehicle that is capable of travelling on road and operating as a fun filled water vehicle. The project idea of AMPHICAR II is to introduce the vehicle to the public; the first prototype will be used in crossing in the English Channel, beating Richard Bransons record set in the Gibbs Aquada. The project background given by AdSing systems engineering, world leaders in revolutionary new system development, has undertaken the challenge of developing a state of the art amphibious vehicle for the consumer market. This is defined as the first phase of the project and the budget for this phase is $80000. This phase of the project will be completed in 30 days. After completion of the conceptual design of the AMPHICAR II project, it shall be placed as a proposal put forward by AdSing to independent sub-contractors for further iterations of the system development cycle. For the successful completion of this phase of the project, we will have guided by our tutor (Bill Daniels) who is the systems Engineering Expert. The requirements of the vehicle is achieved by incorporating safety features, capability of travelling on road and water, customer satisfaction, robust design, lower operational cost, and after all the project should be completed within the budget. IEEE 1220 standard specifies the system engineering process and it is primarily targeting our product (Amphicar) oriented system, which defines the inter-disciplinary tasks that are required to our project throughout the lifecycle to transfor m stakeholder (Customer)needs, requirements and constraints in to our product development. Therefore our group has emphasized to bring ideas in brainstorming session and initially conducted a assessment on potential customers before beginning the conceptual design. Here we have the conceptual design of the AMPHICAR project comprises of four different stages namely System engineering and management plan, Systems requirement specification, functional analysis allocations and final stage of system specification. The project planning in fact it refers to SEMP which includes statement of work, work schedule, cost analysis, product testing methods, program management, risk management, resources required, deliverables, etc., System requirements specification stage are identified based on the needs and the project requirements. Functional analysis allocation stage comprises with functional breakdown is done to determine the system physical design overview, functional analysis and component details. At the final stage of system specification, AMPHICAR II project undergoes evalu ation and final documentation. 2. Referenced documents AMPHICAR concept https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphicar Referred on 06/01/2010 The AMPHICAR Story https://books.google.com/books?id=C-PeNY12Ss8Cpg=PT12dq=Amphicar+designei=ZQlIS5ezBpv-lASmprT3DQcd=4#v=onepageq=Amphicar%20designf=false Referred on 07/012010 IEEE 1220 Standard readings https://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezlibproxy1.unisa.edu.au/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=1631953isnumber=34216 Referred on 09/01/2010 3. Work breakdown structure (this phase of the AMPHICAR project) 3.1 Schedule In fact we have 30days time from 8th January 2010 till 8th February 2010 to complete an attractive high level conceptual design of AMPHICAR II. The Systems specification preparation towards the Amphicar project will be worked in four different stages, under each stage the preparation compiled as draft and submitted through Assign IT on weekly basis. The weekly submission would ensure the timely completion of each stages include the project plan, system requirements specification and the functional analysis allocation and the final systems specification preparation of the AMPHICAR II project to be submitted. The complete details of the schedule can be seen in the Gantt chart on 1. The cost analysis and workout is also shown on Table 1. AMPHICAR II System Specifications 3.2 Cost Sl No. Planned Tasks Budget (S$) No. of hrs Actual Cost (S$) Balance (S$) System Engineering Management Plan 20000 7 days 17850 2150 1 Statement of work 4 500 19500 2 Referenced Documents 6 3000 16500 3 Work Breakdown Structure 3.1 Work Schedule 4 1000 15500 3.2 Cost 12 1500 14000 3.3 Product Testing Methods 15 3500 10500 4 Program Management 8 1750 8750 5 Risk Management 8 1500 7250 6 Resources Required 4 2000 5250 7 Deliverables 4 1250 4000 8 Organizational Structure 4 850 3150 9 Operational Concept 4 1000 2150 Total 20000 73 17850 2150 System Requirement Specification 24000 7 days 20500 3500 10 Scope 10.1 System Overview 6 1500 22500 11 Referenced Documents 5 1250 21250 12 Needs 12 4000 17250 13 Requirements 13.1 General Requirements 8 2000 15250 13.2 System Capability 12 2500 12750 13.3 Safety Requirements 8 2000 10750 13.4 Personnel Related Requirement 8 1750 9000 13.5 Security and Privacy Requirement 10 1500 7500 13.6 Logistics related requirement 12 2500 5000 13.7 Other Requirements 6 1500 3500 Total 24000 87 20500 3500 Table 1 continued. Functional Analysis Allocation 24000 7days 18500 5500 14 Scope 14.1 System Overview 7 1750 22250 14.2 Document Overview 4 1000 21250 15 Referenced Documents 9 2250 19000 16 Functional Analysis 24 4000 15000 17 Physical Design Overview 24 6250 8750 18 Component Details 8 3250 5500 Total 24000 76 18500 5500 Final System Specification 12000 7 days 11250 1750 19 System Description 8 2000 11000 20 Operational Requirements 5 1500 9500 21 Operational Constraints 5 1500 8250 22 System Evaluation 16 3000 4250 23 Final Documentation 12 3250 1000 Total 13000 46 11250 1000 Final Total 80000 282 68100 11900 Table1. Cost Note * 1 day = 8hrs and 5days per week (Monday to Friday) 3.3. Product testing method Product testing method is one of the most important steps in bringing out of our conceptual design of AMPHICAR II Project, which demands the recognition in the future when the product shall complete and reached at the market. The final product here is the AMPHICAR which is capable of travelling both road and water. The intention of the product testing method is to Ensure that the conceptual design of the product meets the design standards for employability, consistency, and user friendliness towards its functionality. Ensure the design meets the business goals and user needs. Ensure the design does not permit any changes at the final stage of its requirements and concept Ensure the behaviour of the system can be easily understood by the design engineers. Make sure that the design provides proper guidance to the designers to resolve any issues that may arise. Make sure that the design shall not distract the copyright of other brand in the global market. Ensure that the design is properly employed by the design engineers which can be easily interacted by the users and other products. Ensure the physical design matches up with the initial art design Ensure the safety features incorporated in the product shall always be enabling and These reviews are carried out at different phases precisely Project plan, system requirement specification, functional analysis and allocation and final system specification. At the end of each and stage a discussion session is made where all the team members and the manager (who assess the detail of design from the sub-system level to the component level), are gathered to review their respective tasks in each phase and the ideas are taken for any necessary changes of any improvement that can be done for bringing the project successful. The assessed document upon the end of each discussion will be sent as a draft to the project who verifies and evaluates the design and make a note to the manager and the team members if changes that are required for the design improvement and further evaluates after getting his job done by the team and approve the design and promote to the next phase. Thus the design of the final system specification is drawn and reviewed by the project director and approve the design for its release 4. Program management Program management is the mechanism by which the work of various operating functions within a company is integrated to create an effective business model. When program management is properly conceived and executed, it helps to execute business strategies much more effectively than an uncoordinated approach. The program manager must possess operational competencies, including project management methods and tools, to effectively manage the tactical elements of the program. Another important aspect of this core discipline set is that of becoming proficient in the specific processes and practices of the company that the program manager is a part of. Knowing how things get done, the policies and procedures that must be adhered to and who must be involved and approve various aspects of their program are critical for the successful completion of every program. During the early stages of conceptual design, it is essential that good communication between the producer and the customer be established from the beginning. The Design Engineer must fully understand the user requirements of the product to be designed. This can be achieved only we have a good communication between users. The communication modes used are Teleconference, E-mails, Fax and formal meeting between the project team members and others. Meeting agenda ( 2a) will be formatted for all meetings and distributed to all members before one day. And minutes of meeting ( 2b) are drafted and distributed to all members to follow up. The primary objective of our program management plan is to facilitate the timely integration of numerous design considerations into a functioning and Physical system that will be of high value to the user. Our program management consists of SEMP which already Stated in Gantt chart (System Engineering Management Plan), Statement of work (SOW), Work break down structure, schedule of tasks, Projecting costs for program task and interfacing with other planning activities. Our project has mentioned a configuration management plan to track the changes done from the beginning to the final review. During the later stage of our conceptual design we shall develop a comprehensive system engineering management plan (SEMP) to ensure the implementation of a program that will lead to a well coordinated and integrated product. a program is to exploit economies of scale and to reduce coordination costs and risks. programs deliver outcomes, program management is concerned with doing the right projects according to this view, successful projects deliver on time, to budget and to specification, whereas successful program deliver long term improvements to an organization design of the new product this delivers a design specification, modifications to the production factory Program and project management are both practical disciplines, Program management also emphasizes the coordinating and prioritizing of resources across project. Program management may provide a layer above the management of projects and focuses on selecting the projects, defining us in terms of their objectives and prov iding an environment where projects can be run successfully. Our organizations use the concept of Systems engineering where others use program management, ensure there are regular reviews; there is accountability, and that management of projects, allocation of resources influences the cost and success of the program. Infrastructure might cover offices, version control, and IT. A project must always have a specific end date, else it is an ongoing program. A project is designed to deliver an output or deliverable and its success will be in terms of delivering the right output at the right time and to the right cost. Program management is the mechanism by which the work of various operating functions within a company is integrated to create an effective business model. When program management is properly conceived and executed, management includes management of projects which, together, improve the Program management is the mechanism by which the work of various operating functions wit hin a company is integrated to create an effective business model. When program management is properly conceived and executed, performance of the organization. A programs success will be measured in terms of benefits. Program Management comprises a comprehensive suite of services addressing the full program life cycle and implemented by dedicated and highly skilled team members. PMP (Project Management Professional Program management practices put a continual focus on the business aspects of developing products, services and infrastructure. A skilled and competent program manager is the primary business manager on a program. We have Projects Managers that are certified and have decades of experience applying project management techniques and disciplines to client engagements in all industries. During our conceptual design phase we have scheduled a series of formal design reviews at discrete points where the design configuration involves from one level of definition to another. That is conceptual system, evolutions and design reviews. The successful implementation of system engineering principles and concepts is dependent not only on the technology issues and the process, but on management issues as well. Our BLR Engineering prepared a program management plan comprising series review meeting, audits, approval from user, risk managements, and some essential contingency plans. This program management plan guides all over activities throughout the project. 5. Risk management Risk management can therefore be considered the identification of the potential areas of risk. It is a part of the requirements and design stages in a project. Our team of experienced engineers has gone through the assessment and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. One of the first steps of our risk management is the identification of the potential areas of risk. Risk shall include funding, schedule, and contract, relationships, political and technical. All of these hazardous shall be identified and evaluated and risk mitigation performed. Risk analysis should be performed as part of the risk management process for each project. Once a hazard identified as below, the steps of the risk managements process are as follows, Assess the current risk Define the acceptable level of the risk Decision on the response of the risk. Our risk management plan consists of four processes such as 1. Identification 2. Assessment 3. Analysis 4. Controls/Implementation 5. Responsibility As far as concerned about conceptual design process we may have these few types of risk only. Which are? 1. Technical Risk The possibility that technical requirement of the system will not be achieved. That is our design wont meets the system requirements adequately. We have planned to tackle such risk by remedial actions given in the table below 2. Schedule Risk The possibility that the project will fail to meet the scheduled milestones, such as those mentioned in our project plan. To tackle this issue we have identified possible cause and effects and of course the remedial actions to be taken respective 3. Cost Risk The possibility that the project will fail to meet the scheduled milestones and the cost of the project will go up and difficult to meet the budget. These are the probable risk that might be encountered and the contingency plan to overcome in the planning phase: Potential Risk 1 Difficulties in meeting up for our group member to discuss on the project due to different working schedule. Possible Solution to Risk1 Meeting to be done on every Saturday afternoon so the plans can be executed in the weekends before submitting the drafts. Ideally, meeting could also be schedule after 8 pm for a brief update on progress. Potential Risk 2 Group members have difficulties in meeting at convenient venue. Possible Solution to Risk2 Meeting can be done at any National Libraries or APMI campus when not only the environment is convenient for learning Potential Risk 3 Group member/s might fall sick and might not be able to meet for discussion. Possible Solution to Risk3 Work progress should be continually updated through email. Potential Risk 4 Group member/s may face problems in software incompatibility and in data sharing. Possible Solution to Risk4 Group member must work on common PC platform to avoid compatibility issues (e.g. one works on LINUX, and another one works on Mac Operating System and may result in unintended data corruption unable to read or edit documents. Better to work on common platform PC like Microsoft OFFICE and OpenProj for common means of compatibility. Any need of using unfamiliar program must be made known and shared so that each and everyone of the member can learn and use the new program. Potential Risk 5 Anyone of the Group member might encounter risk of data loss or corruption. Possible Solution to Risk5 Group member must regularly backup their data on their PC and must have a secondary means of backup (eg. Thumb drive or external hard drive). Seek advice from Mr. Bill Daniels through the discussion Board provided on course website. Initial Project Risk Assessment SNo Identify Hazard Hazard Assessment Causes Effects Implement / Controls Responsi- bility 1 Budget estimation unlikely 1. Substantial cost increase in the project 1. Source for more economical alternative to control spending. 2. Maintain strict accounting practice. Balaji 2 Unrealistic Projected timeline Frequently 1. Delay in project 2. Bad image for team 3. Loss due to time delay Strict to the time frame set for the work schedule and Gantt chart. Balaji 3 Disruption to System Equipment Frequently 1. Loss of Equipment 2. Delay in project 1. Constant backup. 2. Escalate of any unusual encounter. Rakesh 4 Manpower management Frequently 1. Delay in project 2. Overload of team member 1. Co-ordinate meeting regularly to delegate task and work discussion. 2. Meeting to be done on Saturday Lakshmanan 5 Group members have difficulties in meeting at convenient venue Likely 1. Delay in project 2. Substantial delay in all phases of the project Meeting can be done at any National Libraries or APMI campus when not only the environment is conducive for learning but laptop user could have access to internet wireless connection. Lakshmanan 6 Face problems in software incompatibility and in data sharing. Likely 1. Delay in document work 2. Delay in project Group member must work on common PC platform to avoid compatibility issues (e.g. one works on LINUX, and another one works on APPLE Operating System and may result in unintended data corruption unable to read or edit documents. Better to work on common platform PC like Microsoft OFFICE and OpenProj for common means of compatibility. Any need of using unfamiliar program must be made known and shared so that each and everyone of the member can learn and use the new program Rakesh 7 Group member might encounter risk of data loss or corruption. Likely 1. Loss of all details and documents. Group member must regularly backup their data on their PC and must have a secondary means of backup (e.g. Hard disk, Thumb drive). Rakesh 8 Vendor and Supplier co-ordination issue. Frequently 1. Delay in project 2. Bad image for team 3. Loss due to time delay Plan early and have back-up resources in the event existing vendor meet constraint. Lakshmanan 9 Having doubt in preparing draft. Frequently 1. Delay in project Seek advice from Mr Bill Daniels through the discussion Board provided on course website. Balaji Lakshmanan Rakesh Table2. Initial Project Risk Assessment 6. Resources required Resources are also a very important in the course of a project development. Availability of the different kinds of resources must be used satisfactorily. It is critical to establish a credible schedule because the timing of activities not only depends on the logical dependencies between them, but also on the availability of the required resources. Our group member has used as many as facilities available to achieve the required satisfaction of the information. The resources we use to accomplish the goal of acquiring the conceptual design of an amphibious car are, Hardware I. Computer To work on the project report development II. Computer peripherals To copy the draft data. To print the draft copy for verification. Software III. Core University 5.0 by Vitech Corporation To have the breakdown of the requirements To display the conceptual design through Flow Functional Block Diagram and Hierarchy Application Packages IV. Microsoft Project Professional 2003 To create schedule for the entire project plan To design the chart for the work task allocation Ensure the time limited for the task is look upon V. Microsoft Word To type the final specification report of the project Facilities VI. Internet media To gain access to the video media regarding amphibious vehicle such as you tube To search related information regarding amphibious vehicle To gain access to the related websites To have communication with the project supervisor To have a convenient place to discuss the project development matters The usage of this media is vastly great VII. Money/Time Funds To have food/refreshments for members attending discussion for the entire project plan Towards the expenses like photocopying, phone calls, printing / copying To have transport facilities To make free ourselves on the discussion planned days. 7 Deliverables For our projects deliverables are the stuff/function that can be the result for the task implementation, it consists of things or stuff such as presentation (MSPowerpoint Slideshows), documentation requirements, total design documentation etc. The documents as deliverables used here are namely the System Engineering Management Plan, System Requirement, Functional Analysis and Allocation, and Final System Specification. System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) This plan consists of the Scope of the Project, Work Breakdown Structure as Schedule, Cost and Product Testing method, Operation concept. It has to be executed in such a way to get the best result by assigning individual task to the respective team members thereby lead the project together with proper planning to bring the required outcome. System Requirements and Specifications (SRS) This emphasise the task that determines the needs for the product, users, designers, system and subsystems. It identifies the needs of each stakeholder. Functional Analysis and Allocation (FA A) This transforms the system level requirement into functions and analyse the behaviour of the system to get the desired result. And these functions are allocated into a physical design (component level). It can be seen in detail through Functional flow block diagram. Final system specification This document comprises all the above three documents which seeks approval from the Project director for the release of the design to Production. 8. Organisational structure We believe on team work, so at all phases the task has been evenly distributed to our team members according to their role. The process flow is as follows, getting the instruction from project director the task has been distributed to the Project Design engineer by the Project manager and also the whole project is monitored by the Project director. 9. Operational Concept The world is in needs of better and more effective and efficient vehicle that could save money, earth, resources and time of travelling which will be having the various good features when operates in both the environments. Keeping that in mind our Engineering team with the engineering skills would like to design an amphibious vehicle having capable of travelling both in road and water. i.e user friendly navigation system safety protection which will meet the customer needs as customer is mainly dependent on the effective and efficient transportation to commute in his day to day life. As the name goes, the designed Amphibious Car having the capability to travel both on land and on water promises to be more environmental friendly than any other amphibious car compared to existing or future market .The idea behind this is from the automobile researchers who have been done and many have succeeded but unable to market the vehicle as it still needs more work has to be done. Some engineers also did research beyond their imagination but some have succeeded and some are still a long way. The conceptual design of amphibious vehicle will be aimed to provide comfortable journey, trouble free service, energy efficient and environment friendly with Safety features for the customers and the features include well designed with double secured protection against water leak and corrosion of vehicles body parts by using the anti corrosive materials and fail safe controls , fuel efficient, operating at an economical way by giving good mileage and the vehicle would be engineered in way of reducing carbon dioxide emission and reducing pollution to Mother Nature as analysed by our expert engineers it would also benefit the market as a new breed of automobile needs many suitable workshop and fuel station. The vehicle has a robust designed in such a way it is very compatibility for both the conditions either it is in water or on the land. The vehicle will be operated as a boat when in water and navigation system made easy during high tides water currents and during windy seasons. The vehicle will be like normal cars when it operates on the road. The design of the bigger wheels will be providing a better ride in terrain, mud and snow and excellent traction capability with 4 gear power transmission and will provide excellent driving experience. The Vehicle will be designed to have a sportive external look. The look and feel of the designed vehicle is such that it would posses pleasant Interior colours , leg rooms spacious comfortable seatings and incorporating entertainment systems which ensures smooth and comfortable rides both on land and water. The vehicle would be cost effective under long run as the he vehicle has been designed in a way that would have less maintenance. The rugged a nd robust design assures reliability of the vehicle. The vehicle will equipped with a spare tyre and necessary tools. Our team has scheduled the conceptual design tasks and our expertise will fulfil every aspect of the customer requirement in terms of operational, maintenance and service needs and to make it big success in the market. 1. Scope 1.1 System overview Our project Amphicar II as the name suggests the vehicle is designed such that is viable both on land and water. It is a sports convertible full rear seat, well designed family size customer vehicle taking into account for the complete luxury as well as the safety of the customer. Customer can plan to drive right off a road or beach onto any lake or river as it is not only a luxurious car once on land but safely floats on water also because the bottom of the vehicle consists of rubber seals which forms a watertight seal. Some of the key design specification of the Amphicar II are: Its proficient 4 cylinder engine has 4 speed auto transmission forward speeds, Front wheels act as twin rudders for fast responsive handling, rear mounted for superior traction on the road, fitted with accelerator control system making the vehicle to run fuel economically both in road and water fitted with 2 rear lamps each and inbuilt side indicators, Speed O meter (digital) to display the cars speed, Coming to the functional aspect of the Amphicar II, once the doors are checked to be closed the customer can just drive into the water edge, and once when the car is into water, the customer is required to put land gear into neutral and then can use the facilities of the propeller or Amphibian jet by engaging it with the smaller stick which has three positions forward, neutral and reverse. Although virtually it is identical to the rest of the Amphibious vehicles, our Amphicar II distinct itself from other late models by having some of the technologies like heater placement, shock mountings, lower body lip and dash treatment and most importantly safety aspect is also considered like emergency rescue equipments and just like any other boats its fully complemented with all the essential maritime equipment like water navigation lights, walkie talkie and an electric pump to expel leak aboard. Our full fledged Amphicar II aims to be tested at the nearest lake side water located in Singapore which provides a chance for the customer to witness our product which also helps us modifying against the Customer requirements if required accordingly The overall Amphicar II project shall be sponsored by Duck Tours Singapore Tourism board. We are confident that this shall provide them a very good public advertisement ensuring the tourism sector remains competitive by allowing the foreigners to visit west side of Singapore and hence making a key contributor to the economy in the years to come. And the responsibility of development of the Amphicar II shall be by Jatin Marine Corporation Ltd since Marine industry of Singapore is handled well by them over period of time and they have potential to progress in engineering and as well as the project from the technical point of view. 1.2 Document overview Requirement analysis is an important key for the success of any development project and it encompasses the task which goes in determining the needs of the product, taking in account of the requirements of the stakeholders such as beneficial of the users. Taking that into account, this document features the following steps in the system requirement process for Amphicar II Identifying and proper analysing of the possible conflicting requirements of the stakeholders and gathering them into the need of the requirement analysis Understanding the Business Requirement followed by defining the process model. Technical approach for the gathered and understood system design including the maintenance concept for the product (Amphicar II) Reviewing the prioritized technical performance measures and other related criteria Checking the functional specification which describes systematically how the Consumer (customer) will use the application project. Towards privacy of the design of Amphicar vehicles future developments, this document shall be Strictly Confidential within the Manufacturer. This document is sensitive enough hence to avoid complications or design copyright issues, document is fully secured with in house policy deployment. 2. Referenced documents v How AMPHICAR works https://auto.howstuffworks.com/1961-1968-Amphicar.htm Referred on 18/01/2010 v Car design and Testing guide https://books.google.com/books?id=M9MDAAAAMBAJpg=PA62dq=Amphicar+designas_brr=1cd=2#v=onepageq=Amphicar%20designf=false Referred on 17/01/2010 v Federal motor vehicle safety standards https://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import/fmvss/index.html Referred on 18/01/2010 v Propeller design selection information by Yamaha https://www.yamaha-motor.com/outboard/assets/whatsnew/Propeller_Descriptions.pdf Referred on 21/01/2010 v How Aquada works https://auto.howstuffworks.com/aquada4.htm Referred on 21/01/2010 v System safety requirements https://www.truelockbolt.com/Repts+Specs/MIL-STD-810F-514.5.pdf Referred on 21/01/2010 v A reference of Amphicar technical Specification https://www.amphicar.com/specs.htm Referred on 21/01/2010 v A demonstration of Amphicar Operation Referred on 22/01/2010 v A Short course on Automobile Brake system https://www.familycar.com/brakes.htm Referred on 22/01/2010 v Australian Motor Standard Act 1989 https://www.comlaw.gov.au/ComLaw/Legislation/ActCompilation1.nsf/0/BB16074A251B95F5CA2572040019D78D/$file/MotorVehiclesStandards1989.pdf Referred on 20/01/2010 3. Needs The needs for the Amphicar II project are as follows and it is categorised in seven different needs. The each need in the attribute has a unique identifier number where these identifiers are to be used as the reference for the requirement document and subsequent documents. General needs: 3.1.1 The Amphicar need to travel on both land and water 3.1.2 The Amphicar needs to perform of at least 90% of efficiency while the vehicle travelling in water. 3.1.3 The vehicle need to fulfil Australian motor design standard act 1989 3.1.4 The vehicle need to be fitted with the Speed-O-meter (digital) to display the cars speed 3.1.5 The vehicle need to be fitted with 2 rear lamps each and inbuilt side indicators 3.1.6 The Amphicar need to be fitted with rear viewing mirror which tilting of at least 120oDegrees 3.1.7 The Amphicar need to be fitted with 2 head lights where halogen lamps preferred. 3.1.8 The vehicle need to use under any weather conditions which may varies between -40oC to +70oC 3.1.9 The vehicle need to be fitted with accelerator control system which runs the vehicle at fuel economy both in road and water 3.1.10 The vehicle need to be fitted with at least two propellers or amphibian jet which mounted at the rear of the vehicle to steer in water System capability Need:- 3.2.1 The vehicle need to be equipped with 4 speed auto transmission gears with bidirectional controls for steering in road. 3.2.2 The vehicle need to be equipped with 2 speed auto transmission gears with bidirectional controls for steering in water. 3.2.3 The vehicle need to be equipped with steering control system which ensures the safe operation in water too 3.2.4 The vehicle need to be equipped with fuel tank of capacity not exceeding 75litres of standard size 3.2.5 The vehicle needs to be operated with a speed of 100mph in road (Max), at an acceleration of 0 60mph in less than 10 seconds 3.2.6 The vehicle need to be operated with a speed of 30mph in water or 20Knots (Max) and accelerate to a plane in 5seconds 3.2.7 The engine capacity need of at least a power of 175hp, 2.5ltr, 24valve engine. 3.2.8 The Amphibian jet weighs not more than 100 pounds 3.2.9 The Amphicar need to weighs not more than 300 pounds and length not more than 40 inches 3.2.10 The Amphicar need to be equipped with the Automobile rechargeable 12V DC maintenance free alkaline battery. Safety Needs 3.3.1 The vehicle need to be fitted with braking systems 3.3.2 The vehicle need to be fitted with brake hold latch system 3.3.3 The vehicle need to protect the car under leakage and corrosion while travelling in water 3.3.4 The vehicle need to provide the seating system safety (Safety seat belt etc,) 3.3.5 The Amphicar need to be door less design which overcomes the problem with the doors while travelling in water 3.3.6 The every component of the Amphicar need to be tested under extreme conditions which undergone not less than 1500 hours of salt spray test towards the corrosion. 3.3.7 The lower parts of the Amphicar need to be coated with special chemical which combat against sinking while Amphicar travels in water 3.3.8 The Amphicar need to be undergone for float tests of 1000 hours under extreme conditions. 3.3.9 The Amphicar need to be fitted with first aid kit in accordance with the safety standards 3.3.10 The Amphicar need to have life saving jackets of at least for the 4 occupants (Max) Personnel Related Needs 3.4.1 The vehicle needs to provide the seating arrangement of at least 4 individuals 3.4.2 The vehicle needs to be capable of withstanding of at least 1ton of capacity to accommodate obese people. 3.4.3 The vehicle need to be fitted with 2 wipers at front glass comfortable driving when rainy. Security and Privacy Needs 3.5.1 The vehicle needs to be equipped with anti theft prevention 3.5.2 The vehicle need to be equipped with the wireless key controller. 3.5.3 The vehicles driving controls, navigational system and other displays shall be fitted privately to the car driver. Logistics Related Needs 3.6.1 The vehicle need to be competent in travelling road on high abrupt roads. 3.6.2 The Amphicar engine need also be fitted with the Amphibians jet, which shall expel not less than 1 ton of thrust where it is the force needed to plane in water. 3.6.3 The vehicle needs to be comfortable enough while travelling on both road and water by fitting the hand grips, resting pads, Audio player, etc., 3.6.4 The vehicle needs to be fitted GPS (Road map) navigational system for secure travel. 3.6.5 The vehicle needs to be less noisy and pollution free and totally it must be environmental friendly. Other Needs 3.7.1 The vehicle need to be given with the manufacturer identification. 3.7.2 The vehicle need to be given a unique vehicle identification number 3.7.3 The vehicle need to be provided with vehicle in use inspection standards 3.7.4 The vehicle need to be provided warning devices when travelling and at time of parking. 3.7.5 The vehicle need to be capable to follow the Automobile average Fuel economy standard. 4. Requirements 4.1 General Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.1.1 Requirement: The Amphicar vehicle must able to float in water, successfully transition from land to water and vice-versa. Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.2 Requirement: The Amphicar shall have the efficiency of at least 90% when travelling in water Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.3 Requirement: The Amphicar vehicle must comply with Australian motor design standard act 1989. Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.3 Verification Method: Demonstration Simulation Requirement Identifier: 4.1.4 Requirement: The vehicle shall be provided the Speed display unit with a range of 0-250 Km/hr in accordance with Standard No. 101 Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.4 Verification Method: Demonstration Requirement Identifier: 4.1.5 Requirement: The Amphicar shall be fitted 2 rear lamps of 100lumens each with the side indicators Standard No. 108 Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.5 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.6 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with rear viewing mirror in accordance with Standard No. 111 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.1.6 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.7 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with 2 Front headlights of 250lumens Standard No. 108 Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.7 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.8 Requirement: The vehicle shall use under any weather conditions which may varies between -40oC to +70oC Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.8 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.1.9 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with accelerator control system which runs the vehicle at fuel economy both in road and water in accordance with Standard No. 124 Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.9 Verification Method: Simulation Requirement Identifier: 4.1.10 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with at least two propellers or amphibian jet which mounted at the rear of the vehicle to steer in water. Priority: High Traceability: 3.1.10 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 4.2 System Capability Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.2.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall be equipped with 4 speed auto transmission gears with bidirectional controls for steering in road in accordance with MIL-STD-641D Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.2.2 Requirement: The vehicle shall be equipped with 2 speed auto transmission gears with bidirectional controls for steering in water in connection with MIL-STD-641D Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.2.3 Requirement: The vehicle shall comply with Standard No. 203 towards steering control system which ensures the safe operation in water too. Priority: High Traceability: 3.2.3 Verification Method: Simulation Requirement Identifier: 4.2.4 Requirement: The vehicle shall be equipped with fuel tank of capacity not exceeding 75litres of standard size as given by FTC-1001 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.4 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.2.5 Requirement: The vehicle shall be operated with a speed of 100Kmph in road (Max), at an acceleration of 0 60Kmph in less than 10 seconds Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.5 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.2.6 Requirement: The vehicle shall be operated with a speed of 40Kmph in water or 15Knots (Max) and accelerate to a plane in 5seconds. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.6 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.2.7 Requirement: The engine capacity of not more than power 175hp, 2.5ltr, 24valve engine. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.7 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.2.8 Requirement: The Amphibian jet weighs not more than 100 pounds Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.8 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.2.9 Requirement: The Amphicar shall weighs not more than 300 pounds and length not more than 40 inches Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.9 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.2.10 Requirement: The Amphicar shall be equipped with Automobile rechargeable 12V DC maintenance free alkaline battery. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.10 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation 4.3 Safety Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.3.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with braking systems in accordance with Standard No. 105 Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.3.2 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with brake hold latch system in accordance with Standard No. 113 Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.3.3 Requirement: The vehicle shall protect the car under leakage and corrosion while travelling in water in conformance with MIL-STD-810 Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.3 Verification Method: Simulation Requirement Identifier: 4.3.4 Requirement: The vehicle shall provide the seating system safety (Safety seat belt etc.,) as per Standard No. 209 Standard No. 210 Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.4 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.3.5 Requirement: The Amphicar must be door less design which overcomes the problem with the doors while travelling in water Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.5 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.3.6 Requirement: The every component of the Amphicar shall be tested under extreme conditions which undergone not less than 1500 hours of salt spray test towards the corrosion. Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.6 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.3.7 Requirement: The lower part of the Amphicar shall be coated with special chemical which combat against sinking while Amphicar travels in water Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.7 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.3.8 Requirement: The Amphicar shall be undergone for float tests of 1000 hours under extreme conditions. Priority: High Traceability: 3.3.8 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.3.9 Requirement: The Amphicar shall be fitted with first aid kit in accordance with the safety standards. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.3.9 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.3.10 Requirement: The Amphicar shall have life saving jackets of at least for the 4 occupants (Max) Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.3.10 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 4.4 Personnel Related Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.4.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall provide the seating arrangement of at least 4 individuals as per Standard No. 207 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.4.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.4.2 Requirement: The vehicle shall be capable of withstanding of at least 1ton of capacity to accommodate obese people. Priority: Low Traceability: 3.4.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.4.3 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted with 2 wipers at front glass in compliance with Standard No. 104 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.4.3 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 4.5 Security Privacy related Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.5.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall be equipped with anti theft prevention in compliance with Federal motor standard Part 541 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.5.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.5.2 Requirement: The vehicle shall be equipped with the wireless key controller. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.5.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.5.3 Requirement: The vehicles driving controls, navigational system and other displays shall be fitted privately to the car driver. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.5.3 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 4.6 Logistics Related Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.6.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall be competent in travelling road on high abrupt roads. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.6.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.6.2 Requirement: The Amphicar engine shall also be fitted with the Amphibians jet, which shall expel not less than 1 ton of thrust where it is the force needed to plane in water. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.2.8 Verification Method: Demonstration, Analysis Calculation Requirement Identifier: 4.6.3 Requirement: The vehicle shall be comfortable enough while travelling on both road and water by fitting the hand grips, resting pads, Audio player, etc., Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.6.3 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.6.4 Requirement: The vehicle shall be fitted GPS (Road map) navigational system for comfortable travel. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.6.4 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.6.5 Requirement: The vehicle shall be less noise and pollution and totally it must be environmental friendly. Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.6.5 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 4.7 Other Requirements Requirement Identifier: 4.7.1 Requirement: The vehicle shall be given with the manufacturer identification as per Part 566 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.7.1 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.7.2 Requirement: The vehicle shall be given a unique vehicle identification number as per Part 565 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.7.2 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.7.3 Requirement: The vehicle shall be provided with vehicle in use inspection standards as per Part 570 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.7.3 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.7.4 Requirement: The vehicle shall be provided warning devices when travelling and at the time of parking in compliance Standard No. 125 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.7.4 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis Requirement Identifier: 4.7.5 Requirement: The vehicle shall be capable to follow the Automobile average Fuel economy standard as per Part 570 Priority: Medium Traceability: 3.7.5 Verification Method: Demonstration Analysis 1.1 System Overview Amphicar II is a Amphibious car well designed for commercial purpose. As the name suggests this vehicle can travel both on land and on water operating at a speed of 100mph in road (Max), at an acceleration of 0 60Kmph in less than 10 seconds,40Kmph in water or 15Knots (Max) and accelerate to a plane in 5seconds respectively. It behaves as a luxurious family car on land and once on water the front wheel steers into the water and when it sub-merges into the water, the wheels that are attach to the car will be retract with the help of a push button. Once the wheels have been successful retracted, it adds swiftness and mobility to the vehicle, thus enhance the overall performance and efficiency. The door get sealed up by the two rubber strips which work similar to refrigerator door seals and once the vehicle need to be moved or change the direction second gear lever can be used which controls the propeller frontward or backward, and this vehicle is designed such that it can stay inside the water without leakage for many hours. The design specification of the Amphicar II are: Its proficient 4 cylinder engine has 2 speed auto transmission forward speeds, Front wheels act as twin rudders for fast responsive handling, rear mounted for superior traction on the road, fitted with accelerator control system making the vehicle to run fuel economically both in road and water fitted with 2 rear lamps each and inbuilt side indicators, Speed O meter (digital) to display the cars speed, Some of the technologies like heater placement, shock mountings, lower body lip and dash treatment and most importantly safety aspect is also considered like emergency rescue equipments and just like any other boats makes Amphicar II distinct than the other modes and It is fully complemented with all the essential maritime equipment like water navigation lights, walkie talkie and an electric pump to expel leak aboard Our full fledged Amphicar II aims to be tested at the nearest lake side water located in Singapore which provides a chance for the customer to witness our product which also helps us modifying against the Customer requirements if required accordingly. The overall Amphicar II project shall be sponsored by Duck Tours Singapore Tourism board. We are confident that this shall provide them a very good public advertisement ensuring the tourism sector remains competitive by allowing the foreigners to visit west side of Singapore and hence making a key contributor to the economy in the years to come. And the responsibility of development of the Amphicar II shall be by Jatin.Corp Marine Ltd since Marine industry of Singapore is handled well by them over period of time and they have potential to progress in engineering and as well as the project from the technical point of view. The maintenance of this Amphicar II is more than a car but not much more than 4WD which is used off road. We can get any car mechanic to maintain this car. 1.2 Document Overview This document features the following steps in the system requirement process for Amphicar II Identifying and proper analysing of the possible conflicting requirements of the stakeholders and gathering them into the need of the requirement analysis like Each key attached to the vehicle is unique, in the event if the key is lost, Original key can be requested from the main distributor. The vehicle will not start if the wrong set of key is used. The car is only calibrated to work with the original key. In this way, the security of the car is enhanced. Amphicar II has an excellent road grip, and can apply sudden brakes once inside water 2. Referenced Documents This section shall list the number, title, revision, and date of all documents referenced in this specification. Car Maintenance tips https://www.carbibles.com/maintenancetips.html Referred on 27.01.2010 Aerodynamics Basics https://www.recumbents.com/car_aerodynamics/ Referred on 27.01.2010 Aqua dynamics Basics https://www.physorg.com/news128857835.html Referred on 26.01.2010 System Engineering and Management Plan Referred on 23.01.2010 Systems Requirement Specification Referred on 23.01.2010 AMPHICAR II System Specifications 1.2 3. Functional Analysis A Functional Hierarchy Based on the targets given by AdSing Systems engineering and the paradigm requirements (which are given in SRS), the functional analysis of the amphibious car has been done. The identified functions are decomposed in the sub-functions, the detailed functional hierarchy of these functions and sub functions are arranged below. The Functional Flow block diagram of the identified functions is also represented below. In fact the flow between the identified functions is given below, provides the sequence of functions on conditional basis. For example the land transportation and water transportation system must be in good condition at all times. Any one system failure will results in purpose of the vehicle will not be reached. So interlock between these 2 systems is essential. Traceable requirement Identifier land transportation 1.1.1 4.1.1 1.1.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 1.1.3 4.2.3 water transportation 1.2.1 4.2.6 1.2.2 4.1.9 1.2.3 4.1.10 1.2.4 4.2.6 Maintenance Aspects 1.3.1 4.2.5 1.3.2 4.3.6 1.3.3 4.2.7 1.3.4 4.2.10 Optimum performance 1.4.1 4.2.5 1.4.2. 4.2.6 1.4.3 4.2.8 4.2.9 1.4.5.1 4.6.3 1.4.5.2 1.4.7 4.1.8 safety 1.5.1 4.3.2 4.3.4 1.5.2 4.3.1 1.5.3 4.3.9 1.5.4.1 4.6.5 1.5.4.2 security 1.6.1 4.5.1 1.6.2.1 4.5.3 1.6.2.2 1.6.3 4.5.2 Logistics 1.7.1 4.6.1 1.7.2 4.6.3 1.7.3.1 4.6.4 1.7.3.2 Table3 Traceability of functional Analysis 67 AMPHICAR II System Specifications 1.3 4. Physical Design 4.1 Physical Overview Physical hierarchy The breakdown of the system into its subcomponents and its relevance where it is related to other components are given as below, 4.2 Component Details According to their function, the components classification is given in section 4.1. The below section describes briefly of these components attributes and the functions it performs 4.2.1 Land Transportation System The main part of this vehicle is to move in land first before it is used in water transport and here it is very important that it is responsible to move the passengers and luggage to the required destination. This vehicle standard shall comply Australian vehicle design rules. This system component can be classified as Automobile engine, Power steering, Radiator for engine cooling, and aero dynamic design. Automobile Engine :- It provides the vehicle to move on road by driving force the wheels, which is also responsible for pollution free (less CO emissions and noise) and effectively conserves the fuel (Unleaded Petrol) or this engine may be replaced with the Electric powered machine to maintain eco-friendliness. Radiator :- It is responsible for cooling the engine and basically it is liquid cooling. Power Steering : It controls the direction vehicles movement. Also it reduces the effort needed to steer as compared with normal steering. Aero Dynamic Design : It allows the vehicle to have less air resistance and improves the cars performance and mileage or fuel conservation. 4.2.2 Water Transportation System The next of the vehicle Is to travel on the water, where it first float perfectly and then with the help of the Amphibian jet the car must move in the water. Here the thrust of the jet is sufficient enough to move the vehicle mass. The responsible of the system is to carry the passenger and the materials to their destination by which this systems components are Amphibian jet, Wheel retraction system, floating capabilities, and Aqua dynamics. Amphibian Jet : The thrust of the jet is required that it shall expel not less than 1 ton where it is the force needed for the vehicle to move in water. Wheel Retraction System :- This system has much responsible and helps the vehicle to move in to water at rated speed, at the time of propulsion the four wheels are retracted to its home position which helps to the car to move Floating capability :- When the car move in to the water from land, its first mission is to float in the water perfectly. To make happen the body of the car (bottom) must be especially chemical coated and the design of the car must be door less and the relevant features make it happen to float. Aqua Dynamics :- The design standard is responsible for floating and moving the car in water and with the body and the amphibian jet and whose ultimate aim is to travel in water with ease and for the purpose of leisure. 4.2.3 Maintenance Aspects Superior Quality engine :- The quality of the engine helps the vehicle at any conditions the vehicle shall perform to benchmark of the requirement. And hence it reduces the breakdown maintenance by increasing the MTTF (Mean time to failure) and decreasing the MTBF (Mean time between failures). Waterproof Battery :- The water proof battery is responsible for the ignition system, trouble free working at the time of engine starting. Improved Efficiency engine :- The efficiency of the engine must same at all times when it travel on road or water and also try when it run in abrupt roads. Residual buoyancy :- This gives protection against sinking of the car while travelling on the water. 4.2.4 Optimum Performance Acceleration :- The system must perform well on both road and water and which ensures the vehicle movement from standstill. At the same time it shall also consider on the fuel conservation, before the fuel send to the combustible chamber of the engine it must be fitted with the regulator. Usually it shall be specified as the speed with respect to time. Power drive:- The car engine shall have the capacity of maximum BHP, by it gives the full torque required when it travels in abrupt roads. It also shows the driving capacity of the car to handle the different passengers and with the loaded materials in the storage compartment. Perfect transformation :- While switch over from land travel to water, the transformation of gear mechanism shall be perfect which ensures the cars capability to travel on both land and water. Leisure :- The purpose of the car is defined as for leisure and hence it shall fulfil all the necessary requirements in the car like portable car audio system which plays the multiple format of audio songs it should be water proof and also equipped with the mini gaming console like Sony PSP etc. Works at any weather conditions :- This Amphicar must be capable of withstanding and working with any weather conditions. With its ignition system shall always be active at all times 4.2.5 Safety Accident Protection :- Amphicar II are commonly powered by on-board battery packs, and as such are the automakers were widely accused of deliberate self-sabotage, failing to adequately promote their AMPHI CAR II in order to create the false impression that consumers, the use of helmets and seat belts at a 45 angle in Amphicar. They created the inertial reel and the concept of the instrument panel. Braking System :- The most common automotive uses of master cylinders are in brake and clutch systems. In brake systems, the operated devices are cylinders inside of brakes, these cylinders may be called wheel cylinders or slave cylinders, The cylinder is a control device that converts non-hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure created by moving a piston (inside the bore of the master cylinder) toward the slave cylinder(s) compresses the fluid evenly displacement applied to each slave cylinder First aid :- First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured Oxygen first aid has been used as an emergency treatment for diving injuries for years The success of recompression therapy as well as Emergency medical services may also be locally known as: first aid squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps or life squad. Environmental Considerations :- Engines are usually run on fossil fuel propellant, and are thus a source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Jet engines can use Bio fuels or hydrogen, although the production of the latter is usually made from fossil fuels. Jet engines are usually very reliable and have a very good safety record. However, failures do sometimes occur. The water jet offered several other advantages over propellers for a wide range of vessel types, and as such water jets are used widely today for many high speed vessels including passenger ferries, rescue craft, patrol boats and offshore supply vessels. Water proof System :- Navigation improvements, weirs and locks are used together. A weir will increase the depth of a shallow stretch. Amphibious car travelling over water (in which case they consist of a pair of air cells (bladders) that can be inflated by triggering the release of carbon dioxide gas from a canister one canister for each separate cell. Or the cells can be inflated Orally that is by blowing into a flexible tube with a one-way valve to seal the air in the cell. Lifejackets must also be supplied on seafaring vessels, accessible to all crew and passengers and to be donned in an emergency. 4.2.6 Security Anti Theft System :- This system enables the owner of the car against the theft, in fact it shall be arise the alert sound when unknown person touches the car or if the car misplaced by its original location, it will send the details about the new location to the owner of the car by sending messages to mobile phone etc.., Communication :- The car may be with mechanical failures or troubles, under certain circumstances this system helps out in giving the alarm to the outside people, also it enabled with the automatic alert to the passengers. Unforeseen situations it has to be informed to the rescue team especially while travelling in the water. Remote locking system :- The system helps the passenger to lock the car doors remote (wireless) with ease towards the comfort of the passenger. 4.2.7 Logistics Good Accommodation :- At least 4 persons need to seated in the car, the seats are adjustable type and also water proof in nature, altogether this particular shall be responsible for leisure travel. GPS Navigation :- While travelling in land or water the navigation system plays a important role by giving the direction and location details of the place it is needed to complete the travel. When travelling in water it shall also gives the information about depth. Storage :- While travelling, the needs by the passengers like food items, groceries, clothes, maintenance tool box kit are to be stored in a designated location called compartment, and this shall also be water proof. Competent in Abrupt roads :- At the time travel and especially when travelling in new places where the road conditions are also taken in account and hence the requirement of the car here is, it shall have the competency in travelling those places without any breakdown or minor failures.